General Knowledge - Indian History & Culture

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No.	Question	Answer
01	Alexander invaded India in	326 BC
02	The Mauryan Empire was established in	322 BC
03	The First Mughal Emperor of India was	Babur
04	Taj Mahal was built by	Shahjahan
05	Lala Lajpat Rai was also known as	Lion of Punjab
06	Chandragupta II was also known as	Vikramaditya
07	The city of Fatehpur Sikri was built by	Akbar
08	The Red Fort in Delhi was built by	Shahjahan
09	Battle of Panipat was faught in	1761 AD
10	The first President of India was	Dr.Rajendra Prasad
11	"Swaraj is my birthright!" was said by	Bal Gangadhar Tilak
12	The capital of Mysore during the rule of Tipu Sultan was	Srirangapatnam
13	Battle of Plassey was fought in	1757 AD
14	The first Governor-General of Bengal under the East India Company was	Warren Hastings
15	Ashoka was born in	269 BC
16	Permanent settlement in Bengal was introduced by	Lord Cornwallis
17	The last Governor-General of India was	C.Raja Gopalachari
18	The first session of the Indian National Congress was held at	Bombay (Mumbai)
19	Quit India Movement started in the year	1942 AD
20	Sir Thomas Roe,English Ambassador, visited India during the reign of	Jahangir
21	In the battle of Plassey, Lord Clive defeated	Siraj-ud-Daula
22	The city of Calcutta was founded in	1690 AD
23	The capital of king Vikramaditya's kingdom was	Ujjain
24	The first Viceroy of India was	Lord Canning
25	The name of the famous horse of Rana Pratap was	Chetak
26	The Grand Trunk road was built during the reign of	Shersa Suri
27	Tipu Sultan was born in	1750 AD
28	Home Rule Movement was started by	Annie Besant
29	Shivaji was crowned in	1664 AD
30	East India Company was established in the year	1600 AD
31	The capital city of ancient India was	Indraprastha
32	The first woman ruler in India was	Razia Begum
33	The capital of the Mauryan was	Patliputra
34	The construction of Qutb Minar in Delhi was completed by	Ala-ud-din
35	Din-i-Ilahi was founded by	Akbar
36	Rabindranath tagore was born in	1861 AD
37	The most famous king of Vijayanagar Empire was	Krishnadevaraya
38	Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was also known as	Frontier Gandhi
39	Samudra Gupta is popularly known as	Napolean of India
40	The first Tamil hero who fought against the British was	Veerapandya Kattabomman
41	Akbar's tomb is situated at	Sikandrabad
42	Gautama Buddha was the son of	Shuddhodan
43	Shivaji's mother was	Jeejabai
44	Gandhiji's mother was	Puthali Bai
45	The political teacher of shivaji was	Dadoji Konddev
46	Timur invaded India in the year	1398 AD
47	Mahmud Ghazni was the son of	Sabaktageen
48	The city of Ahmedabad was established by	Ahmed Shah I
49	Rani padmini was	Queen of Rana Ratna simha,the king of Chittoor
50	The real name of Babar was	Zahiruddin Muhammed
51	The meaning of the word "Babar" is	Tiger
52	Vijayasthamba is located at	Chittoor Fort
53	Timur was the ruler of	Samarkhand,Central Asia
54	The Indian social reformer who fought for the abolition of Sati was	Rajaram Mohan Roy
55	The first British Governor General of free India was	Lord Mountbatten
56	Dadabhai Naoroji was associated with the theory of	"Drain of Wealth"
57	The kingdom of South India well known for its Naval power was	The Cholas
58	Aligarh Muslim University was founded by	Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
59	The first Indian ruler who prohibited Sati was	Akbar
60	The Mughal ruler who was to recruit Rajput nobles in his administration was	Akbar
61	The reforms announced by the British Govt.in 1909 are known as	The Morle-Minto Reforms
62	The architect who designed the capital City of New Delhi was	E.L.Lutyens
63	At the time of independence, the number of princely states in India were	552
64	The Indian Prime Minister known as "Man of Peace" was	Lal Bahadur Shastri
65	The Indian king who fought the last Anglo-Mysore War against the English was	Tipu Sultan
66	Kohinoor Diamond was taken away by	Nadir Shah
67	The full name of Shahjehan was	Khurram Shihabuddin Mohammed Shahjehan
68	The Bardoli satyagraha was started by	Mahatma Gandhi
69	The founder of Arya Samaj was	Swamy Dayanand Saraswati
70	The Governor General who abolished Sati was	Lord William Bentinck
71	Bihar was earlier known as	Magadha
72	Agra was earlier known as	Akbarabad
73	"Harsha Charit" was written by	Banabatta
74	Chandragupta Maurya spent the last days of his life at	Sravanabelagola
75	Jalianwala Bagh Massacre took place at	Amritsar
76	Vijayanagar kingdom was situated on the banks of river	Tungabhadra
77	In 1498,the sea route to india was discovered by	Vasco-da-gama
78	King Bhoja was from the which dynasty	Pratihara
79	The period 1206 Ad to 1526 AD is known as	The Delhi Sultanate
80	Agra city was founded by	Sikandar Lodhi
81	Vijaynagar Empire was founded by	Harihara and Bukka
82	The Vijayanagar kings fought frequent wars with the	Bahamani Sultans
83	The last king of the Vijayanagar empire was	Rama Raya
84	Shankaracharya was associated with which movement	Bhakti
85	Ramanuja preached the philosophy of	Vishishtadvaita
86	The followers of Ramanuja are known as	Vaishnavas
87	Kabir was the disciple of	Ramanand
88	The founder of Sikh religion was	Guru Nanak
89	Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the year	1526 AD
90	Babar died in the year	1530 AD
91	Humayun was defeated by	Sher Shah Suri
92	Humayun died at the age of	48 years
93	Akbar was crowned in the year	1556 AD
94	In the second battle of Panipat, Akbar defeated	Himu
95	Akbar died in the year	1605 Ad
96	The original name of Nurjahan was	Mehrunisa
97	Jehangir was known for his	Justice
98	Jehangir died in the year	1627 AD
99	Aurangzeb was the son of	Shahjehan
100	Aurangzeb died in the year	1707 AD
101	The first Guru of the sikhs was	Guru Nanak Dev
102	The tenth Guru of the sikhs was	Guru Gobind Singh
103	Amritsar was founded by	Guru Ram Das
104	The Golden Temple was built by	Guru Arjan Dev
105	The Akal Takht was built by	Guru Hargobind
106	Guru Gobind Singh was born in	1666 AD
107	The `Khalsa' at Anandpur Sahib was founded by	Guru Gobind Singh
108	Maharaja Ranjit Singh was born in	1780 AD
109	Bahadur Shah Zafar died in the year	1862 AD
110	Shivaji died at age of	50 years
111	In tne year 1798,who was appointed as the Governor-General	Wellesley
112	Wellesley started the policy of	Subsidiary Alliance
113	Dalhousie became the Governor-General in	1848 AD
114	The first war of Indian Independence fought in 1857 is also known as	The Sepoy Mutiny
115	The Lady ruler who participated in the 1857 Revolt was	Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi
116	The Indian Association was formed in 1876 at	Calcutta
117	The Indian National Congress was formed in	1885 AD
118	The Rowlatt Act was passed in the year	1919 AD
119	The Jalianwala Bagh Massacre took place in the year	1919 AD
120	The movement launched in 1920 is known as	The Non-Co-operation Movement
121	The Simon Commission came to India in the year	1928 AD
122	Chandragupta Maurya was succeeded by	Bindusara
123	Ashoka invaded Kalinga in the year	261 BC
124	Ashoka died in the year	232 BC
125	Ashoka ruled for a period of	40 years
126	The last king of Maurya dynasty was	Brihadratha
127	Chandragupta was succeeded by	Samudragupta
128	The Iron Pillar near Qutb Minar was erected by	Chandragupta II
129	Fahien, a Chinese traveller visited india during the reign of	Chandragupta II
130	Harshavardhana ascended the throne at the age of	16 years
131	Harshavardhana was defeated by	Pulakeshin II
132	The Chinese traveller who visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana was	Hieun Tsang
133	Akbar was succeeded by	Jehangir
134	Jehangir was succeeded by	Shahjehan
135	In ancient times this river was called Shatadru. How do we know it now?	Sutlej.
136	In the Rigveda there is a reference to the "Dasharajna Yuddha". What does this refer to?	It was a battle of 10 kings fought between Sudasa, a king of the Tritsu family on one side, and a confederacy of 10 tribes on the other. It was fought on the banks of the Parushni (Ravi). Sudasa defeated his enemies in this battle.
137	Who was the ruler of the territory between the Jhelum and the Ravi when Alexander invaded India?	Paurava or Porus as the Greeks called him.
138	When Porus surrendered to Alexander, Alexander asked him how he wished to be treated. What was Porus' reply?	"As one King would treat another". This was his famous reply that has become a classic. Hearing this Alexander not only reinstated Porus on the throne, but he also added territories towards the east and domains of many republican states to the existing kingdom of Porus (according to Plutarch).
139	Who was Megasthenes?	Megasthenes was the Greek ambassador to the Mauryan Court.
140	Who sent Megasthenes as his ambassador to the Mauryan Court?	Seleucus Nikator.
141	Where did Seleucus Nikator rule?	Babylon. He gradually extended his empire from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus.
142	Whom did Chandragupta Maurya defeat to establish his kingdom?	The Nanda dynasty of Magadha.
143	Who helped Chandragupta Maurya defeat the Nanda rulers?	Kautilya also called Chanakya.
144	Of which territories was Ashoka the Viceroy before he became the king?	Taksha-Shila and Ujjain.
145	"Beloved of the gods" and "of amiable appearance". Ashoka used these titles in his inscriptions. Can you give the original titles?	"Devanampiya" and "Piyadassi" (Devanampriya and Priyadarshin).
146	What was unique about the personal bodyguards of the Maurya rulers?	They were women.
147	Who was the last Maurya King?	Brihadratha.
148	Who overthrew Brihadratha?	Pushyamitra, who was his Commander-in-chief.
149	What was the name of the dynasty that succeeded Mauryan dynasty?	The Shunga dynasty. (Pushyamitra founded this dynasty after he overthrew the Mauryan ruler)
150	From which source have historians got some details of the overthrow of the Mauryan dynasty?	Bana's Harshacharita written almost eight centuries after the event.

151	The Allahabad Pillar inscription is the most authentic record about the reign of a famous Emperor. Identify that Emperor.	Samudra Gupta
152	The Hindu kingdom of Champa flourished outside the present boundaries of India. Where would the kingdom be located in today's context?	Vietnam. During this period, the country was considered a great centre of Vedic education.
153	What is Theravada in the context of Buddhism?	It is a major form of Buddhism prevalent in Sri Lanka, Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand.
154	Where is Angkor Vat located?	It is located in the ancient kingdom of Kambuja (modem Cambodia). It means Temple (Vat) of the city (Angkor).
155	Who constructed Angkor Vat?	Suryavarman II.
156	To whom is Angkor Vat dedicated?	Vishnu.
157	Who wrote Uttara-Rama-Charitam?	Bhavabhuti.
158	What is the Gandhara art also known as?	Indo-Greek. The Gandhara sculptures drew their inspiration from the Hellenic (Greek) art of Asia Minor.
159	After whom have the rock-cut temples at Mahabalipuram in Tamil Nadu been named?	The five Pandavas and Draupadi.
160	To which dynasty did Gautamiputra Shatakarni belong?	Shatavahanas.
161	Who founded the Shatavahana dynasty?	The founder of the family was Simuka but it was Shatakarni I who raised it to eminence.
162	Who wrote the Buddha Charita?	Ashvaghosha.
163	To which dynasty did Kanishka belong?	The Kushana dynasty
164	On the banks of which river did Harappa lie?	Ravi. Mohenjodaro was on the bank of the Sindhu (Indus.)
165	Name the trading station of the Indus Valley Civilisation.	Lothal.
166	The 'Sapta Sindhu' was the area of the initial Aryan settlement. To what region did it refer?	The land of the Sindhu (Indus) and its principal tributaries.
167	Which is the crime that is most often mentioned in the Rjgveda?	Cattle-lifting.
168	What does the word 'Sangam' refer to in Tamil History?	It is the literary assembly of Tamil scholars held at Madurai under the patronage of the Pandyan Kings.
169	Which great Chola Emperor started the tradition of installing epigraphs with historical introductions?	Rajaraja Chola.
170	Nalanda and Vikramshila were very famous in ancient India. What was the reason for their fame?	These were the centres where the famous Buddhist Universities flourished.
171	What were Nalanda, Vikramshila in reality?	Buddhist monasteries. They later took on the shape of universities.
172	What does the term Bhagavata relate to?	CC.
173	Greek sources refer to him as Sandrocottus (Androcottus). How do we know him?	Chandragupta Maurya.
174	What does the term 'dwija' mean?	'Dwija' describes those who wear the sacred thread after Upanayanam. Literally 'Dwija' means twice-born.
175	What was the reason for the importance of Kaveripattanam during the Sangam period?	It was among the chief ports of the Tamil countries that carried on trade with the Romans.
176	What was the intoxicating drink that was consumed by the Rig Vedic Aryans during religious ceremonies?	Soma.
177	How do we better know "Sakyamuni" (Shakyamuni)?	Buddha.
178	Who was the twenty-fourth and the last Tirthankara of the Jains?	Vardhamana Mahavira
179	On the basis of the Dhamma that Ashoka propagated, what is "Shusrusha"?	Shusrusha meant obedience to father, mother, teacher and men of high caste.
180	What is the literal meaning of Mohenjodaro?	Mound of the dead.
181	What is a Stupa?	It is a kind of tomb where the relics of Buddha or other Buddhist monks are kept.
182	What were the four sights which Gautam saw, while being driven around the city?	An old man, a sick man, a corpse and an ascetic.
183	Who was the chief deity of the Sangam Period?	Murugan (Karttikeya)
184	Which Gupta ruler is also known as 'Kavi Raja'?	Samudragupta.
185	Samudragupta is represented on coins as playing a particular musical instrument. Which musical instrument is that?	Veena.
186	What is common to the following: Kumarasambhava, Ritusamhara, Raghuvamsham and Meghdootam?	They are all works of Kalidasa.
187	What was the name of Harsha's sister?	Rajyashri
188	What was the title assumed by Harsha when he ascended the throne?	Shiladitya
189	Whom did Harsha succeed?	His elder brother, Rajyavardhana.
190	Mahendra, the son of Ashoka, was sent as a Buddhist missionary to a particular kingdom. Identify the kingdom.	Sri Lanka
191	In ancient times, who were the foreigners who were called Yavanas?	The Greeks. The word was derived from the Old Persian form of the word 'Yauna', signifying originally the Ionian Greeks, but later, all people of Greek nationality. In the medieval times it came to be used for all foreigners irrespective of their place of origin.
192	What was Sumatra called as, in ancient times?	Suvarnadvipa.
193	Who systematised the rules of Sanskrit grammar (4 Century BC) in the work Ashtadhyayi?	Panini.
194	One of the chief sources of revenue from villages mentioned in the Ashokan inscriptions is the "Bhaga". What is it?	Bhaga: King's share of the produce of the soil, usually l/6th. The other source of revenue was the Bali. The Bali was the land tribute paid to the King.
195	In the Mauryan times if someone were referring to the Karshapana, what would he be talking about?	The Karshapana was a copper coin that was in use during the Mauryan times. Dharana was a Silver coin and the Kakani were smaller copper coins.
196	Where is Gandhara art found?	The ruins of Taksha-shila, in modern Pakistan and Afghanistan.
197	What were the Jains originally called?	Nirgrantha.
198	In Jainism a small group of people were called Ganadharas. Who were they?	The close disciples of Mahavira were called Ganadharas.
199	For a while, Bhagavatism and Brahmanism were separate sects. How did the two merge into one?	When Krishna, the main deity of Bhagavatism, began to be identified with Vishnu, the main deity of Brahmanism, the two sects merged into one.
200	What is the importance of the Khyber and Bolan passes in Indian history?	The land route between India and West Asia lies through these passes.
201	Which city in ancient India was famous for its textile industry?	Mathura
202	What is Stridhana?	It is the exclusive property of a married lady, something she often inherits from her mother.
203	According to the Arthashastra the Senapati was an important member of the Mantri Parishad. What was his role?	Commander-in-Chief of the army.
204	Jyotisha is one of the Vedangas. What does it deal with?	Astronomy and astrology
205	Two popular assemblies used to control the affairs of the Vedic kingdoms. Name them.	Sabha: - Body of the elders. Constituted of Brahmins and rich patrons. Samiti: - An assembly of common people. Meant for the discharge of administration.
206	Who or what are the 'Uttariya' and 'Antariya'?	In ancient India, antariya (dhoti) a lower garment was worn by all common people. Uttariya was the garment that covered the upper part of the body. In addition to these the well-to-do people wore Prapata around the waist. Around the prapata, the rich wore Rasana, usually of gold. Ushneesha was used to cover the head and Stanapatta was worn to cover the breasts.
207	Who built the rock-cut temples at Ellora?	The Rashtrakuta king, Krishna I.
208	In the context of Buddhism, what is Vinaya Pitaka?	It is the work that deals with the governance of the life of Buddhists. It also describes the gradual development of the Sangha and the life and teachings of Buddha.
209	What is contained in the Sutta Pitaka?	Sutta Pitaka incorporates the greatest literary works of Buddhism. Of the five collections, the first four consist of discourses of Buddha.
210	Patanjali's Mahabhashya refers to some of the stories about Krishna's early life. Who does Patanjali call Samkarshana?	Balarama.
211	With which modern township would you identify the ancient port of Suppara (also known as Surparaka)?	Nala Sopara an extended suburb of modern Mumbai.
212	What was the basis of barter for common articles during the Vedic period?	Paddy.
213	In which script were a majority of the Ashoka inscriptions written?	Brahmi. Brahmi script was used in the whole of the country, except the northwest.
214	What script did Ashoka use in the inscriptions of the Northwest of India?	Kharoshti script.
215	The Jaina texts were finally compiled in the sixth century A.D. in Vallabhi in Gujarat. In which language were they written?	Prakrit.
216	Who wrote the Arthashastra?	Kautilya.
217	Which is a very important source of information for the social, political and economic life of the people living in the Tamil Naidu area in the early Christian era?	Sangam literature.
218	Who is the author of the Greek work "Indika"?	Megasthenes. This book, however, is not available to us in its entirety and survives only in quotations by subsequent classical writers.
219	When did the Vikram Samvat begin in India?	It began in 57 B.C.
220	Over which part of present-day India did the Pala dynasty rule?	Bengal.
221	When did the Shaka era begin in India?	78A.D.
222	Who started the Shaka era?	Kanishka of the Kushana dynasty.
223	When did the Gupta era begin in India?	In 320 A.D., after Chandragupta of the Gupta dynasty.
224	Over which kingdom did Kharavela rule?	Kalinga.
225	According to Buddhist sources, a dreaded dacoit had a transformation of heart and took refuge in Buddha's Dhamma. Who was he?	Angulimala.
226	An accomplished and rich dancer gave away her mango-grove to the Sangha of Buddha and became his disciple. Name her.	Amrapali.
227	Why was the Indus Valley Civilisation originally called the Harappan Civilisation?	It was so called because the first site of this civilization was discovered (in 1921) at the modern site of Harappa, in present day Pakistan.
228	What was the basis of the town planning of the people of the Indus Valley Civilisation?	It was the Grid System. In the format that they used all roads cut across each other almost at right angles. This led to the city being divided into blocks.
229	What was the most important public place in Mohenjodaro?	It was the Great Bath. It was probably used for ritual bathing.
230	What religion did Kharavela patronise?	Jainism.
231	The Greeks called cotton "Sindon". There is a reason behind this name. What is it?	The people of the Indus Valley Civilisation were the first to produce cotton and therefore the Greeks called it Sindon. This word is derived from the name Sindh.
232	Karikala Chola founded a famous city. What was it?	Puhar. Identified with Kaveripatnam the Chola capital.
233	To which Age does the Indus Valley Civilisation belong?	The Bronze Age. Iron was not known to them.
234	What is the birthplace of Shankaracharya?	Kaladi. Shankaracharya was a famous exponent of the Advaita philosophy. Advaita literally means not two. Advaita believes in an eternal being and holds that the plurality is nothing but illusion.
235	How many books or Mandalas does the Rig Veda contain?	Ten.
236	Who introduced chariots drawn by horses into India?	The Aryans
237	Who was born to Siddhartha and Trishala in the year 540 B.C.?	Vardhamana Mahavira
238	According to the Arthashastra, the Purohita was an important member of the Mantri Parishad. What was his role?	He was the High Priest.
239	In ancient India handicraftsmen were organised into economic corporations or guilds. What were these Guilds called?	Shreni.
240	Who wrote Kadambari?	Banabhatta.
241	At what age did Mahavira abandon the world and become an ascetic?	At the age of 30 yrs.
242	Where and when did Mahavira pass away?	In 468 B.C at Pavapuri, in modern Bihar.
243	Jainism was divided into two sects. Name them.	Shvetambara: - Those clad in white. Digambara: - Those who are sky-clad (or are naked)
244	Where was Buddha born?	Buddha was born in the royal grove in Lumbini near Kapilavastu.
245	Where did Buddha deliver his first sermon?	At Sarnath.
246	What was the path to be followed to be free from misery according to Buddha?	He recommended following the eight-fold path, (ashtanga magga)
247	Under whose rule did Magadha first attain prominence?	Bimbisara. According to Ashwaghosha, Bimbisara belonged to the Haryanka dynasty.
248	Who was the Royal Physician at Bimbisara's court?	Jivaka.
249	Which was the capital of the kingdom of Magadha before Pataliputra?	Girivraja. Also called Rajagriha or Rajgir.
250	Who succeeded Bimbisara to the throne of Magadha?	Ajatashatru.
251	Which dynasty succeeded the dynasty of Bimbisara?	The Shishunagas. They conquered the kingdom of Avanti, and made it a part of the Magadhan empire.
252	Where was Pataliputra situated?	It was situated at the confluence of the Gandak, the Son, and the Ganga. It is present-day Patna.
253	What were the reasons behind the refusal of the Greek soldiers to accompany Alexander beyond the Beas?	They were war weary and home sick. The hot climate of India did not suit them. Having experienced the fighting abilities of the Indian people they were apprehensive about the power of the Nandas. All these reasons contributed to their refusal.
254	What theme does Vishakhadatta's play, Mudrarakshasa, deal with?	The strategies adopted by Chanakya against the enemies of Chandragupta Maurya.
255	Which were the four divisions of the army in ancient India?	Infantry, cavalry, elephants and chariots.
256	Why did Ashoka exempt the village of Lumbini from 'Bali' (tribute paid to the king)?	Because this was the birthplace of Gautama Buddha.
257	Menander, also known as Milinda, was the most famous of the Indo-Greek kings. Where was his capital city?	Sakala, modern Sialkot.
258	Who was the Buddhist monk who converted Menander into Buddhism?	Nagasena or Nagarjuna.
259	What is the Milinda Panha?	It is a book, which records the conversation between Nagarjuna and Menander. Milinda Panha literally means Questions by Milinda.
260	Who issued the first long inscription in chaste Sanskrit?	Rudradaman, the famous Shaka ruler.
261	We know of two successive dynasties of the Kushanas. Who founded them?	The first dynasty was founded by Kadphises I and the second by Kanishka.
262	The Shakas and the Kushanas completely identified themselves with Indian culture. What factors helped them in this?	They did not have a script of their own nor did they have any organised religion.
263	What were the articles of clothing introduced in India by the Shakas and the Kushanas?	Trousers, long coat, tunic and turban. The turban, however, is mentioned as a head dress in ancient India (Ushneesha)
264	How were the foreign elements like Shaka, Pahlava and the Kushanas assimilated into Indian society?	Since they came as conquerors they were classified as Kshatriyas.
265	Buddhism was divided into two sects. What were they?	Mahayana: - The Great wheel. Hinayana: - The Lesser wheel.
266	Name the two Buddhist centres located in present day Andhra Pradesh?	Nagarjunakonda and Amaravati.
267	What was the contribution of the Greeks to Indian theatre techniques?	The use of curtain was borrowed from the Greeks. The curtain was called "Yavanika".
268	Over which areas did the Shatavahana dynasty rule?	The Deccan and Central India.
269	Over which area of India did Rashtrakutas rule?	Northern Maharashtra.
270	Who were Gandhikas?	Artisans who are mentioned as giving donations to the Buddhists. Originally Gandhika meant perfumes but was later used to describe shopkeepers. The name Gandhi is said to have been derived from it.
271	What was the Buddhist temple known as?	Chaitya.
272	What was a Buddhist monastery known as?	Vihara.
273	What were the main articles of trade of the Southern Kingdoms of the Cholas, the Cheras and the Pandyas?	Spices especially pepper, ivory, pearls, muslin and silk.
274	Name two of the epics of the Sangam Age.	Silappadikaram, Jivakachintamani and Manimekalai.
275	What was the Uttarapatha?	It was the route that was used for trade. It ran from Taksha-shila to Broach on the Western coast.
276	Which empire rose on the remains of the Kushan Empire?	The Gupta Empire.
277	Who were Lichchhavis? What are they known for?	Lichchhavis ruled over a vast area from Magadha to Nepal. They were best known for the democracy they practised. It would not be correct to compare it with democracy as understood today. Some preferred to call it oligarchy.
278	Who wrote 'Hitopadesha'?	Narayana Bhatta. Hitopadesha is a collection of stories, most of which were drawn from the Panchatantram of Vishnu Sharma.
279	Who is regarded as the first important King of the Gupta dynasty?	Chandragupta I.
280	Which Gupta ruler adopted the title 'Vikramaditya'?	Chandragupta II. He is regarded as the greatest of the Gupta rulers (376 to 414 AD).
281	Who was the Chinese pilgrim who visited India during the time of Chandragupta II?	Fa-Hien.
282	Who was the first Gupta king to assume the title 'Rajadhiraja"?	Chandragupta I. In addition to 'Rajadhiraja', Samudragupta assumed the titles 'Parambhattaraka' and 'Paramabhagavata'.
283	What was the image on the royal seal of the Guptas?	Garuda.
284	Who was the author of the play 'Mrichchhakatikam'?	Shudraka.
285	Which empire rose on the ruins of the empire of the Pallavas of Kanchi?	The Chola Empire.
286	A ruling dynasty at Thanesar, (in modern Haryana), extended its authority over the feudatories of the Gupta Empire. Who was the ruler who achieved this?	Harsha.
287	Which city did Harsha make his capital?	Kanauj.
288	Who was the Chinese pilgrim who visited India during the time of Harsha?	Hiuen Tsang.
289	Who was the ruler of South India who prevented Harsha from extending his kingdom southwards?	The Chalukya King Pulakesin II.
290	What religion did Harsha follow during his early years?	He was a devotee of Shiva.
291	Which religious sect did Harsha patronise in his later years?	The Buddhist.
292	What are the Vedangas?	The limbs of the Vedas. It was necessary to learn the Vedanga to understand the Vedas. The Vedangas were : a) Shiksha (phonetics) b) Kalpa (rituals) c) Vyakarana d) Nirukta (etymology) e) Chhanda (metrics) f) Jyotisha (astronomy)
293	Who was reputed to be the author of the following books: Priyadarshika, Ratnavali and Nagananda?	Harsha.
294	In which book would you find the famous Gayatri mantra?	Rigveda.
295	In the Rigveda, a daughter is sometimes referred to as 'duhitr'. What is the literal translation of the word?	One who milks the cow.
296	Who was the first person to hold that the earth was a sphere and rotated on its axis?	Aryabhata. He also declared that the eclipses were not the work of Rahu but were caused by the shadow of the earth falling on the moon. Varahamihira and Brahmagupta later astronomers did not agree with his view. Aryabhata also gave an accurate approximation ofn.
297	What is the 'Dharmachakrapravartana'?	The preaching of the first sermon by Buddha.
298	Who was responsible for establishing the order of nuns in Buddhism?	Ananda, the personal attendant of Buddha, was largely responsible for the admission of Gautami (the widowed stepmother of Buddha) into the Sangha. This was the beginning of the order of nuns.
299	Who deciphered the Asokan inscriptions?	James Prinsep.
300	The word 'Aryan' originates from the Sanskrit word 'Arya'. What was the meaning of the word?	Of good family.

301	What was the complaint of Pliny the elder, against India?	He complained that India drained Roman wealth by selling luxury articles at high prices to Romans
302	What was the name of the son of King of Takshashila who offered Alexander help in invading India?	Ambhi. This was the first recorded instance of an Indian King turning traitor.
303	What was the name the Greeks used to refer to Ambhi?	Omphis.
304	By which name do we know the ancient city of Prayag?	Allahabad.
305	Of the five Siddhantas (Indian astronomical works) two are said to be of Western origin. Which?	Romaka Siddhanta and Paulisa Siddhanta. This shows that Indian astronomy was considerably influenced by Western thoughts.
306	What is the modern name for the ancient city of Purushapura?	Peshawar.
307	From which language is the word 'Sindoora' (vermilion) derived?	Chinese. (From the Chinese word Tsin-sung.)
308	According to Chinese sources Kaundinya an Indian Prince, formed a kingdom in south East Asia. Where was this kingdom located?	Cambodia.
309	Who was Buddha's personal physician?	Jivaka. Jivaka was the personal physician of Bimbisara. During his visit to Buddha, Bimbisara offered the services of Jivaka, who became Buddha's personal physician.
310	Who were the Ajivikas?	They were one of the prominent religious sects during the time of Mahavira and Buddha.
311	In Vedic times, who was referred to as a 'Grihapati'?	The master of the house.
312	Which common seasoning ingredient of today finds no reference in the Rig Veda?	Salt.
313	What was the name of the famous tract of land that lay between the Saraswati and the Drishadvati?	Kurukshetra.
314	What was the Rajasuya sacrifice (yajna)?	It was the yajna to mark the royal consecration. It included offerings to the gods in the houses of officials and a formal abhisheka by the priest. Other popular rites that followed were a cow-raid and a game of dice in which the king was made the Victor.
315	What was the Vishwajit sacrifice?	In the Vishwajit sacrifice, the (yajamana) performer had to give away all that he possessed.
316	Who succeeded Chandra Gupta I?	Samudragupta.
317	According to legend, who succeeded Samudragupta?	His son Rama Gupta. He was a weak ruler who surrendered his wife to a Shaka tyrant. Her honour was saved by the younger brother of Rama Gupta, Chandra Gupta, who killed the Shaka ruler, replaced his brother on the throne and married Dhruvadevi.
318	Who succeeded Chandra Gupta II?	His son Kumara Gupta, who ruled from AD 415 to 455.
319	Who or what were the Huns?	They were a race of fierce, warlike people, whose original home was in the steppes of Central Asia. They spread terror and destruction both in the West (i.e. the Roman Empire) and India.
320	Which Gupta ruler successfully defended his empire against the invading Huns?	Skanda Gupta.
321	Which Gupta ruler performed the Ashwamedha yajna?	Samudra Gupta.
322	Into which group of people were the Huns assimilated by the Indian society?	The Rajputs.
323	Which dynasty claimed its descent from Lakshmana, the brother of Shri Rama?	The Pratiharas. By the ninth century the influence of Pratiharas extended from the Punjab to central India and from Kathiawar to north Bengal.
324	Who invented the decimal place value system?	Aryabhata invented the decimal place value system. Scholars hold that it cannot be said with certainty that the system was invented by Aryabhata. It seems it was known to astronomers who came before him.
325	The Cholas extended their territory in South India and also conquered the northern part of Sri Lanka. Who was the ruler who made northern Sri Lanka a province of his empire?	Rajaraja Chola.
326	Which part of India did the Arabs first conquer?	Sindh. Mohammed Ibn-Kasim, the nephew and son-in-law of the governor of Iraq, defeated Dahir Sen in 712 A.D.
327	What are the four sources of Law according to the law giver, Manu?	a. Sruti or the Vedas. b. Smriti (expanded version of the Dharma shastras). Smriti is also regarded as the only authentic source of Hindu Law and social customs, c. Customs of holy men d. One's own inclination.
328	By what name was the area of western and northwestern Bengal known?	Gauda. The name was applied both to the people and their country.
329	Where in Maharashtra are frescoes that depict the Jataka Stories?	At Ajanta, near Ellora caves.
330	What was the language used by the people of the Indus Valley Civilization?	Historians have as yet not been able to determine the language used by the people of the Indus Valley Civilization. The script used by the people of the Indus Valley Civilization has also not been deciphered.
331	Which was the animal that was most engraved on Indus Valley Civilization seals?	The Humpless Bull.
332	What was unique about the ascension to the throne by Gopala, the founder of the Pala dynasty in Gauda (present day West Bengal)?	He was not a hereditary ruler, but was elected by the people to rule over them.
333	Which was the seat of power of the Pallava dynasty?	Kanchipuram. The Pallavas founded the first great empire in south India. Under the Pallavas, Kanchi became a great centre of Brahminical and Buddhist learning.
334	Who was the Chola ruler who crossed the Ganga and defeated the rulers there?	Rajendra Chola.
335	When did the first invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni take place?	1000 A.D.
336	Who was the first Indian ruler defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni?	Jayapala of the Hindushahi dynasty.
337	Where is Ghazni?	In modem Afghanistan.
338	Why were temples the main target of Mahmud of Ghazni?	They had immense wealth stockpiled.
339	Who was the Arab traveller whose work on India is referred to as a mirror of 11"1 century India?	Alberuni.
340	At whose request did Alberuni travel to India?	Mahmudof Ghazni.
341	At which battle did Prithviraj Chauhan defeat Mohammed of Ghori?	In the first Battle of Tarain in 1190-91.
342	Which medieval ruler is reputed to be an author of almost 20 books on subjects as diverse as medicine, architecture and astronomy?	Raja Bhoja of the Paramara dynasty. The Paramara dynasty ruled over the Malwa region.
343	Identify the person who was in charge of Mohammad of Ghori's possessions in India.	Qutbuddin Aibak.
344	To which deity was the temple of Somnath dedicated?	Shiva.
345	Who wrote the Ramayana in Tamil?	Kamban.
346	Who was the founder of the Slave dynasty?	Qutbuddin Aibak.
347	Why is the term "Slave dynasty" an inaccurate term?	Only three sultans (Qutbuddin Aibak, Iltutmish and Balban) were slaves, and later even they were released from slavery by their masters. They were slaves, but only in the early part of their lives.
348	Who was the only woman to ascend the throne of Delhi?	Razia Sultana.
349	Which Persian historian accompanied Alauddin Khalji on his expedition to Chittor?	Amir Khusrau.
350	The Choda Ganga dynasty of Orissa was responsible for the construction of some famous temples. Can you identify them?	The Jagannath temple at Puri and the Sun Temple at Konark.
351	Name the king of Mewar who is said to have built thirty two forts during his reign?	RanaKumbha
352	How did Rana Kumbha celebrate his victory over Mahmud Khalji of Malwa?	He built the Tower of Victory in Chittor. It is called the Vijayastambha.
353	Who helped Humayun save himself after the Battle of Chausa?	A water carrier helped Humayun cross the Ganga and to safety.
354	Over which kingdom did Chand Bibi rule?	She ruled over Ahmadnagar as a Regent.
355	What articles of trade was the kingdom of Golconda known for?	Diamonds and textiles.
356	Who founded the city of Hyderabad?	Mohammad Quli Qutub Shah.
357	Who was the Qutub Minar dedicated to?	The Sufi saint Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki and not Qutbuddin Aibak as people mistakenly assume.
358	In which language did Shankaradeva, a Bhakti Saint, propagate his views?	Assamese.
359	In which language did Surdas sing?	Brij.
360	Where is the famous Kamakhya temple (Kamakshi)?	At Guwahati.
361	Which Mughal Emperor adopted the Zoroastrian practice of Navroz?	Akbar.
362	Which were the provinces added by Aurangzeb to the Mughal Empire?	Bijapur and Golconda.
363	Who took care of Shah Jahan when he was kept imprisoned by Aurangzeb?	Jahanara, Shah Jahan's daughter.
364	Who installed a chain of bells outside his palace gate?	Jahangir.
365	Why was the chain of bells installed?	This was the "Chain of Justice" installed to ensure that all citizens of the country had access to justice.
366	During the reign of which Mughal Emperor was the peacock throne made?	Shah Jahan.
367	Which place did Vasco da Gama reach when he found a new route to India?	Calicut. Now known as Kozhikode
368	What were the European Factories that are referred to in Indian history?	Factories were nothing but fortified trading stations established by the European powers in India.
369	Where did the English set up their first factory?	Surat.
370	Who was the Englishman who succeeded in getting a farman from the Mughals exempting the English from paying any inland toll?	Sir Thomas Roe.
371	What prompted Jahangir to allow the English to set up a factory in Surat?	The British defeated the Portuguese naval squadrons. Jahangir wanted to use the English as a counter against the growing Portuguese power.
372	What were the reasons why the British wanted to secure Bombay from the Portuguese?	Those controlling Bombay controlled trade on the west coast. And there was no interference from either the Mughals or the Marathas on this sea.
373	Which city did Job Charnock establish?	Colcutta.
374	Which Saint inspired the Marathas with ideals of social reform and national regeneration?	Saint Samarth Ramdas.
375	Near which fort, acquired early in his career, did Shivaji build Raigarh?	Torna.
376	Between 1649 and 1655 Shivaji suspended offensive operations against Bijapur. Why did he do so?	His father had been arrested and was released only on the condition that Shivaji suspend his military activities.
377	Alauddin Khalji was the nephew and son-in-law of a Delhi Sultan whom he later murdered. Who was the sultan?	Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji.
378	One of the more interesting causes for a battle fought in Indian history has been vividly described by Malik Muhammad Jayasi in his epic Padmavat. What, according to Malik Muhammad Jayasi was the cause of the battle?	That Allaudin Khalji invaded Chittor because he was infatuated by Padmini, the queen of Rana Ratan Singh of Mewar.
379	Why did Muhammad-bin-Tughluq shift his capital from Delhi?	He shifted his capital to Deogir (Deogiri) because it held a central position in the empire and therefore, would be safe from Mongol invasions.
380	Who was the first Afghan to be seated on the throne of Delhi?	Buhlul Khan Lodi (in April 1451).
381	Which kingdom came into existence during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq?	Bahmani kingdom.
382	Where is Babur buried?	He is buried in Kabul.
383	Poems of which Kashmiri poet are the oldest of the ones still available with us?	LallaDidi(LalDed)
384	The ruler of Bihar conferred upon the young Farid a title. What was the title and why was it conferred upon him?	Sher Khan, for killing a tiger single-handed.
385	What was the name assumed by Farid when he ascended the throne?	Sher Shah.
386	Who were the opponents in the battle fought at Chausa?	Humayun and Sher Shah.
387	How did Sher Shah die?	Sher Shah died due to an accidental explosion of gunpowder while attempting to capture the fort Kalinjar in 1545.
388	Which ruler helped Humayun recover Kandahar and Kabul?	The Ruler of Persia.
389	Who proclaimed Akbar the Emperor?	Bairam Khan in 1556.
390	What words did Saint Ramanuja use to describe the scheduled castes?	Tirukulattar (Belonging to the family of God).
391	At what age did Akbar ascend the thorne?	Thirteen years.
392	How did Humayun die?	Humayun tumbled down the stairs of his library when he was responding to the call of muezzin for evening prayers.
393	What was the occupation of Himu (also spelt Hemu) before he rose to prominence in politics?	He was a grocer.
394	Who fought the second battle of Panipat?	Akbar and Himu.
395	Who wrote Lilavati, a treatise on Algebra?	Bhaskaracharya.
396	What title did Himu adopt after he occupied Agra and Delhi by defeating its Mughal governor?	Raja Vikramaditya
397	Who did Iltutmish nominate as his successor	His daughter Razia.
398	Himu, in the battle of Panipat, gained initial success against the Mughal forces. How did the tide turn in the favour of the Mughals?	A chance arrow struck Himu in the eye rendering him unconscious. Deprived of his leadership his soldiers dispersed in confusion.
399	The Mughal forces defeated a Rajput ruler at the pass of Haldighat. Which ruler are we talking about?	Rana Pratap.
400	Which work describes the romantic story of the marriage of Sanyogita the daughter of the Gahadavala king Jaichandra with Prithviraj Chauhan?	Prithviraja Raso.
401	Marco Polo was a traveller (from Venice) who is very well known for his adventures. Which south Indian dynasty does he mention in his travelogues?	The Kakatiya dynasty.
402	Timur or Tamerlane, a central Asian Turk (and an ancestor of Babur) invaded India and ransacked Delhi. Who was the ruler of Delhi at that time?	Sultan Mahmud Shah.
403	Name the ruler of the Tughluq dynasty who was well versed in Astronomy, Mathematics and Medicine.	Muhammad bin Tughluq.
404	A particular dance form gained prominence during the Vijayanagara period. What was the dance form?	Yakshagana.
405	Who fought the battle of Talikota?	The battle was fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the combined forces of the Deccan Sultans. The Sultan of Berar however did not take part in this battle.
406	Who won the battle of Talikota?	The Vijayanagara forces were comprehensively defeated and this eventually led to their downfall.
407	Where was the Battle of Talikota fought?	It was fought in the area between the villages of Rakassi and Tangadi (Tagdi). Due to the bloodshed and ruin that this battle brought on the Vijayanagara Empire it was also called 'Raktakshi Tangadi'.
408	Who were the opponents at the battle of Khanua?	Rana Sanga and Babur.
409	What was the name of RanaPratap's horse?	Chetak.
410	Who was the Jesuit missionary who held personal discussions with Akbar?	Anthony Monserrate.
411	How do we better know Mihr-un-nisa in Indian history?	NurJahan.
412	What was the title given to Mihr-un-nisa by Jahangir?	Nur Mahal (the light of the Palace). The title was later changed to Nur Jahan (Light of the World).
413	Who was the Mughal queen whose name was written on all the imperial Mughal farmans of her time and inscribed on coins?	Nur Jahan.
414	After Akbar secured victory in Gujarat he undertook an activity to commemorate this victory. What was that activity?	He founded the city of Fatehpur Sikri.
415	By which name was Ramtanu Mishra known?	Tansen. He was earlier in the employment of the Raja of Rewah.
416	Name the Mughal emperor who was an accomplished veena player.	Aurangzeb
417	The Razmnama in Persian was a compilation by several scholars. Of which Hindu epic was this a translation?	Mahabharata
418	Name Aurangzeb's daughter who wrote under the pen name Makhi and produced a collection of poems.	Zebunnisa.
419	King Charles II of England married the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza. How did this event affect Indian history?	The Portuguese transferred the islands that make up modern Mumbai to the British as the dowry of Catherine.
420	From whom did the Portuguese capture Goa?	Sultan of Bijapur.
421	Who was the Portuguese Governor who captured Goa?	Alfonso de Albuquerque.
422	What was Shivaji's council of ministers known as?	The Ashla Pradhan Mandal.
423	Who were the opponents in the battle of Takkolam?	Cholas and Pandyas. The Pandyas were completely defeated.
424	How do we better know the Kingdom of Pragjyotishpur?	Assam.
425	Which dynasties rose on the ruins of the Chola dynasty?	The Pandyas and the Hoysalas.
426	Who wrote the Telugu version of the Mahabharata?	Nanniah. Though he began the work it was eventually completed by Tikkanna.
427	Who were the "Nayanars" in Tamil Nadu?	They were devotees of Shiva who flourished between the sixth and ninth centuries.
428	Who were the "Alvars" in Tamil Nadu?	They were the devotees of Vishnu.
429	Who fought the second battle of Tarain in 1192 A,D?	Prithviraj Chauhan and Muhammad Ghori.
430	Before the battle of Tarain, Prithviraj Chauhan appealed for help from the rajas of North India. One prominent ruler refused any. Who was this ruler?	Jaichandra of Kanauj.
431	What was the capital of the Bahmani kingdom?	Gulbarga.
432	Who was the Turkish officer who conquered the area of north Bengal?	BakhtiyarKhalji.
433	How did Qutbuddin Aibak die?'	He fell off his horse while playing chaugan (polo) and died due to the resultant injuries.
434	Who succeeded Qutbuddin Aibak to the throne of Delhi?	Iltutmish (son-in-law of Qutbuddin Aibak).
435	What did Shivaji say when he got the news of the capture of Kondana?	"Gadh aala pun Sinha gela" - We got the fort but lost the lion (referring to Tanaji Malsure).
436	What was the original name of the town Daulatabad?	Deogiri (Devgiri).
437	For how long did Razia rule?	About three and a half years.
438	How do we better know Ulugh Khan in Indian history?	Balban.
439	What were the ceremonies introduced by Balban, merely to demonstrate his superiority to other nobles?	Sijada-Prostration Paibos - Kissing the emperor's feet. He introduced these ceremonies to demonstrate his superiority over the nobles.
440	During whose rule did the Mongols make the first serious attempt to establish their rule over Delhi?	Alauddin Khalji.
441	What is the region of Kamrup known in modern India?	Assam.
442	Who were the sons of Shah Jahan?	Dara Shikoh (also Shukoh), Shuja Murad and Aurangzeb.
443	During the reign of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, where was his son Muhammad Tughlaq posted?	Deogir.
444	Who was the first sultan of Delhi to pay his soldiers in cash?	Alauddin Khalji.
445	Which ruler introduced the concept of token currency in India?	Muhammad Bin Tughlaq.
446	Harihara and Bukka rebelled against Muhammad Bin Tughlaq and founded a kingdom. What was it?	The Vijayanagara Kingdom.
447	Whom did Shah Jahan choose, in his last will, as his heir apparent?	Dara Shukoh.
448	During whose rule did jizyah become a separate tax?	Firuz Tughlaq. It was a part of the land revenue in earlier times.
449	During the period of the Delhi Sultanate who was the most important official?	TheWazir.
450	Who was commissioned by Akbar to write the history of his reign?	AbulFazI.

451	What did India import from China (during the medieval period)?	Porcelain, raw silk.
452	What is Jnaneshwari?	The free rendering of the Gita in Marathi, along with elucidation.
453	From whom did some sections of the Hindus adopt the concept of the purdah?	The Turks.
454	Who was the guru of Harihara and Bukka?	Vidyaranya. He was the one who readmitted them into the Hindu fold.
455	Who were the first two kings of the Vijayanagara Empire?	Harihara (1336-1356), Bukka I (1356-1377).
456	Who founded the Bahmani Kingdom?	Alauddin Hasan also called Hasan Gangu
457	What title did Alauddin Hasan adopt at his coronation?	Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah. He is supposed to have adopted the name Bahman Shah as a mark of respect for a Brahmin in whose service he had risen to greatness.
458	Which Bahmani ruler encouraged the study of astronomy and even built an observatory near Daulatabad?	Firuz Shah Bahmani.
459	What was the title of the ruler of Calicut (Kozhikode)?	Zamorin.
460	Who were the parents of Sankaracharya?	Sivaguru and Aryamba.
461	Who wrote Ain-i-Akbari?	Abul Fazl. It is a work which deals with regulations issued by Akbar.
462	Who was the Sultan of Malwa who died when he went on board a Portuguese ship for negotiations?	Bahadur Shah.
463	Which European power declared that trade in pepper, warhorses and arms and ammunitions was a royal monopoly?	Portugal.
464	From which area have the potato and tobacco been introduced into India?	Central America. By the Portuguese.
465	Who was born in Talwandi in 1469?	GuruNanak.
466	What form of worship did Chaitanya Mahaprabhu popularise?	Kirtans.
467	In which language did Narasimha Mehta (also known as Narsee Mehta) compose his songs and preach?	Gujarati.
468	Which language did the Turks introduce into India?	Persian.
469	Who was Nizammudin Auliya?	A famous Sufi saint. His Dargah is in Delhi.
470	Which was the language, apart from Persian, used for administrative purpose in the Bahmani kingdom?	Marathi
471	What was the chief reason for the difference between Hindustani and Camatic music?	The introduction of Persian scales in Hindustani music led to the difference.
472	Babur succeeded to the throne of this kingdom in 1494 at the tender age of 11. Identify the kingdom.	Farghana. Farghana is located in modern Uzbekistan.
473	When did Timur sack Delhi?	1398.
474	Who is supposed to have invited Babur to invade India?	Daulat Khan Lodi, uncle of Ibrahim Lodi.
475	Who were the opponents in the first battle of Panipat?	Babur and Ibrahim Lodi.
476	How long did the first battle of Panipat last?	Three hours. It was all over by mid-day.
477	Who were the adversaries at the Battle of Khanua?	It was fought between Babur and Rana Sanga.
478	Babur, after defeating Ibrahim Lodi and Rana Sanga had to deal with the Afghans who had regrouped. Who did the Afghans proclaim as their leader?	Mahmud Lodi, brother of Ibrahim Lodi.
479	What was the new mode of warfare introduced by Babur in India?	Extensive use of gunpowder. Though gunpowder was known in India, it was not used as skilfully and in combination with cavalry as Babur did.
480	What was the name of Babur's memoirs?	Tizuk-I-Baburi.
481	Which kingdom did Shahaji Bhonsale, Shivaji's father serve initially?	The Nizam Shahis of Ahmednagar. When Shah Jahan captured Ahmednagar, Shahaji sought service with the Sultan of Bijapur.
482	Who was the ruler of Malwa who was among the chief adversaries of Humayun?	Bahadur Shah.
483	Who built a new city at Delhi called Dinpanah?	Humayun.
484	At which battle was Humayun defeated by Sher Shah?	The Battle of Chausa (March 1539) and Battle of Kanauj (May 1540).
485	At what age did Sher Shah ascend the throne of Delhi?	At 67 years.
486	Where did Sher Shah build a Mausoleum for himself?	Sasaram. (InBihar)
487	Who repaired the Grand Trunk road that ran from the river Indus to Sonargaon in Bengal?	SherShah.
488	Where was Akbar born?	Amarkotinl542.
489	Where was Akbar crowned?	Kalanaur in Punjab in 1556.
490	What was the title that Bairam Khan adopted?	He became the wakil of the kingdom with the title Khan-I-Khanan.
491	Who was the ruler of Malwa, who was defeated by the Mughal forces?	Baz Bahadur. He was a master musician and an accomplished poet. There were also stories of his romance with the beautiful and talented Roopmati.
492	Who were the two famous warriors of Chittor who held the Mughal forces at bay for almost six months?	Jaimal and Patta. Akbar, to honour these two warriors ordered their stone statues, seated on elephants, be erected outside the gate of the Agra fort.
493	What did Akbar divide his empire into?	Suba. Each Suba was under a governor called Subedar.
494	Who succeeded Rana Udai Singh to the throne of Mewar?	Rana Pratap (in 1572).
495	Akbar sent a series of embassies to Rana Pratap. These were sent to persuade him to accept the suzerainty of the Mughals. Who led these embassies?	Man Singh, Bhagwan Das, Raja Todar Mal.
496	To whom did Akbar assign the task to translate the Bible (Gospel) into Persian?	AbulFazl.
497	Which famous Mughal courtier lost his life in a campaign against the tribesmen of the Khyber pass?	RajaBirbal.
498	Akbar, in 1575, built the Ibadat Khana. What was it for?	It was the Hall of Prayer at Fatehpur Sikri.
499	What was the original name of Raja Birbal?	MaheshDas.
500	Who founded Din-I-Ilahi?	Akbar. Birbal was the only Hindu to accept the new religion of Din-i-Ilahi or Tauhid-i-Ilahi.

Source- http://www.worldgeneralknowledge.com

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